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概述：

turtle是Python标准库之一，能够进行基本的图形绘制

基本框架：

一个小海龟在坐标系中爬行，其爬行轨迹形成了绘制图形。对于小海龟来说，有“前进”、“后退”、“旋转”等爬行行为，对坐标系的探索也通过“前进方向”、“后退方向”、“左侧方向”和“右侧方向”等小海龟自身角度方位来完成。

turtle库使用：

画布：

画布就是turtle为我们展开用于绘图区域默认大小(400, 300)，我们可以设置它的大小和初始位置。

turtle.screensize(canvwidth=None, canvheight=None, bg=None)，参数分别为画布的宽(单位像素), 高, 背景颜色。如：turtle.screensize(800,600, "green")turtle.screensize() #返回默认大小(400, 300)turtle.setup(width=0.5, height=0.75, startx=None, starty=None)，参数：width, height: 输入宽和高为整数时, 表示像素; 为小数时, 表示占据电脑屏幕的比例，(startx, starty): 这一坐标表示矩形窗口左上角顶点的位置, 如果为空,则窗口位于屏幕中心。

直接执行上面代码可能会出现闪退的问题，在代码结尾处加上turtle.done()，即可解决

窗体函数： turtle.setup(width, height, startx, starty) 作用：设置主窗体的大小和位置 参数：width：窗口宽度，如果值是整数，表示像素值；如果值是小数，表示窗口宽度与屏幕的比例；height：窗口高度，如果值是整数，表示的像素值；如果值是小数，表示窗口高度与屏幕的比例；startx：窗口左侧与屏幕左侧的像素距离，如果值是None，窗口位于屏幕水平中央；starty：窗口顶部与屏幕顶部的像素距离，如果值是None，窗口位于屏幕垂直中央；

turtlr库常见命令：

(1) 画笔运动命令

(2) 画笔控制命令 (3) 全局控制命令 (4) 其他命令 这里只是部分命令，详情见

样例：

1.五角星Plus

# coding=utf-8import turtleimport timeturtle.pensize(5)turtle.pencolor("yellow")turtle.fillcolor("red")turtle.begin_fill()for _ in range(5):    turtle.forward(200)    turtle.right(144)turtle.end_fill()time.sleep(2)turtle.penup()turtle.goto(-150, -120)turtle.color("violet")turtle.write("Done", font=('Arial', 40, 'normal'))turtle.mainloop()

2.简易五角星

import turtlep = turtle.Turtle()p.speed(3)p.pensize(5)p.color("black")p.fillcolor("red")p.begin_fill()for i in range(5):    p.forward(200)    p.right(144)p.end_fill()turtle.done()

3.蟒蛇

import turtleturtle.setup(650, 350, 200, 200)turtle.penup()turtle.fd(-250)turtle.pendown()turtle.pensize(25)turtle.pencolor('pink')turtle.seth(-40)for i in range(4):    turtle.circle(40, 80)    turtle.circle(-40, 80)turtle.circle(40, 80/2)turtle.fd(40)turtle.circle(16, 180)turtle.fd(40*2/3)turtle.done()

4.雪花plus

使用了random模块，

import turtle as timport random as rddef ground():    t.hideturtle()    t.speed(100)    for i in range(400):        t.pensize(rd.randint(5, 10))        x = rd.randint(-400, 350)        y = rd.randint(-280, -1)        r = -y / 280        g = -y / 280        b = -y / 280        t.pencolor((r, g, b))        t.penup()        t.goto(x, y)        t.pendown()        t.forward(rd.randint(40, 100))def snow():    t.hideturtle()    t.pensize(2)    t.speed(100)    for i in range(100):        r = rd.random()        g = rd.random()        b = rd.random()        t.pencolor(r, g, b)        t.penup()        t.setx(rd.randint(-350, 350))        t.sety(rd.randint(1, 270))        t.pendown()        dens = rd.randint(8, 12)        snowsize = rd.randint(10, 14)        for j in range(dens):            t.forward(snowsize)            t.backward(snowsize)            t.right(360 / dens)if __name__ == "__main__":    t.setup(800, 600, 0, 0)    t.tracer(False)    t.bgcolor("black")    snow()    ground()    t.tracer(True)    t.mainloop()

5.科赫雪花

import turtledef ice(size, n):    if n == 0:        turtle.fd(size)    else:        for angle in [0, 60, -120, 60]:            turtle.left(angle)            ice(size / 3, n - 1)if __name__ == '__main__':    turtle.setup(600, 600)    turtle.penup()    turtle.goto(-200, 100)    turtle.pendown()    turtle.pensize()    level = 3    ice(400, level)    turtle.right(120)    ice(400, level)    turtle.right(120)    ice(400, level)    turtle.hideturtle()    turtle.done()

6.太阳花

import turtle as timport timet.color("red","yellow")t.speed(10)t.begin_fill()for x in range(50):    t.forward(200)    t.left(170)t.end_fill()time.sleep(2)t.done()

7.彩虹线

import turtle as tfrom random import randint as rintt.shape("turtle")t.pensize(5)t.colormode(255)t.bgcolor("black")t.tracer(False)for x in range(700):    t.color(rint(0,255),rint(0,255),rint(0,255))    t.circle(2*(1+x/4),5)    t.speed(30)    t.tracer(True)t.done()

8.时钟

import turtlefrom datetime import *# 抬起画笔，向前运动一段距离放下def Skip(step):    turtle.penup()    turtle.forward(step)    turtle.pendown()def mkHand(name, length):    # 注册Turtle形状，建立表针Turtle    turtle.reset()    Skip(-length * 0.1)    # 开始记录多边形的顶点。当前的乌龟位置是多边形的第一个顶点。    turtle.begin_poly()    turtle.forward(length * 1.1)    # 停止记录多边形的顶点。当前的乌龟位置是多边形的最后一个顶点。将与第一个顶点相连。    turtle.end_poly()    # 返回最后记录的多边形。    handForm = turtle.get_poly()    turtle.register_shape(name, handForm)def Init():    global secHand, minHand, hurHand, printer    # 重置Turtle指向北    turtle.mode("logo")    # 建立三个表针Turtle并初始化    mkHand("secHand", 135)    mkHand("minHand", 125)    mkHand("hurHand", 90)    secHand = turtle.Turtle()    secHand.shape("secHand")    minHand = turtle.Turtle()    minHand.shape("minHand")    hurHand = turtle.Turtle()    hurHand.shape("hurHand")    for hand in secHand, minHand, hurHand:        hand.shapesize(1, 1, 3)        hand.speed(0)    # 建立输出文字Turtle    printer = turtle.Turtle()    # 隐藏画笔的turtle形状    printer.hideturtle()    printer.penup()def SetupClock(radius):    # 建立表的外框    turtle.reset()    turtle.pensize(7)    for i in range(60):        Skip(radius)        if i % 5 == 0:            turtle.forward(20)            Skip(-radius - 20)            Skip(radius + 20)            if i == 0:                turtle.write(int(12), align="center", font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))            elif i == 30:                Skip(25)                turtle.write(int(i / 5), align="center", font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))                Skip(-25)            elif (i == 25 or i == 35):                Skip(20)                turtle.write(int(i / 5), align="center", font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))                Skip(-20)            else:                turtle.write(int(i / 5), align="center", font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))            Skip(-radius - 20)        else:            turtle.dot(5)            Skip(-radius)        turtle.right(6)def Week(t):    week = ["星期一", "星期二", "星期三",            "星期四", "星期五", "星期六", "星期日"]    return week[t.weekday()]def Date(t):    y = t.year    m = t.month    d = t.day    return "%s %d%d" % (y, m, d)def Tick():    # 绘制表针的动态显示    t = datetime.today()    second = t.second + t.microsecond * 0.000001    minute = t.minute + second / 60.0    hour = t.hour + minute / 60.0    secHand.setheading(6 * second)    minHand.setheading(6 * minute)    hurHand.setheading(30 * hour)    turtle.tracer(False)    printer.forward(65)    printer.write(Week(t), align="center",                  font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))    printer.back(130)    printer.write(Date(t), align="center",                  font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))    printer.home()    turtle.tracer(True)    # 100ms后继续调用tick    turtle.ontimer(Tick, 100)if __name__ == "__main__":    # 打开/关闭龟动画，并为更新图纸设置延迟。    turtle.tracer(False)    Init()    SetupClock(160)    turtle.tracer(True)    Tick()    turtle.mainloop()

9.小黄人

import turtlet = turtle.Turtle()wn = turtle.Screen()turtle.colormode(255)t.hideturtle()t.speed(10)t.penup()t.pensize(4)t.goto(100,0)t.pendown()t.left(90)t.color((0,0,0),(255,255,0))#身体绘制上色t.begin_fill()t.forward(200)t.circle(100,180)t.forward(200)t.circle(100,180)t.end_fill()#右眼睛绘制上色t.pensize(12)t.penup()t.goto(-100,200)t.pendown()t.right(100)t.circle(500,23)t.pensize(3)t.penup()t.goto(0,200)t.pendown()t.seth(270)t.color("black","white")t.begin_fill()t.circle(30)t.end_fill()t.penup()t.goto(15,200)t.pendown()t.color("black","black")t.begin_fill()t.circle(15)t.end_fill()t.penup()t.goto(35,205)t.color("black","white")t.begin_fill()t.circle(5)t.end_fill()#左眼睛绘制上色t.pensize(3)t.penup()t.goto(0,200)t.pendown()t.seth(90)t.color("black","white")t.begin_fill()t.circle(30)t.end_fill()t.penup()t.goto(-15,200)t.pendown()t.color("black","black")t.begin_fill()t.circle(15)t.end_fill()t.penup()t.goto(-35,205)t.color("black","white")t.begin_fill()t.circle(5)t.end_fill()#嘴绘制上色t.penup()t.goto(-20,100)t.pendown()t.seth(270)t.color("black","white")t.begin_fill()t.circle(20,180)t.left(90)t.forward(40)t.end_fill()#裤子绘制上色t.penup()t.goto(-100,0)t.pendown()t.seth(0)t.color("black","blue")t.begin_fill()t.forward(20)t.left(90)t.forward(40)t.right(90)t.forward(160)t.right(90)t.forward(40)t.left(90)t.forward(20)t.seth(270)t.penup()t.goto(-100,0)t.circle(100,180)t.end_fill()#左裤子腰带t.penup()t.goto(-70,20)t.pendown()t.color("black","blue")t.begin_fill()t.seth(45)t.forward(15)t.left(90)t.forward(60)t.seth(270)t.forward(15)t.left(40)t.forward(50)t.end_fill()t.left(180)t.goto(-70,30)t.dot()#右裤腰带t.penup()t.goto(70,20)t.pendown()t.color("black","blue")t.begin_fill()t.seth(135)t.forward(15)t.right(90)t.forward(60)t.seth(270)t.forward(15)t.right(40)t.forward(50)t.end_fill()t.left(180)t.goto(70,30)t.dot()#脚t.penup()t.goto(4,-100)t.pendown()t.seth(270)t.color("black","black")t.begin_fill()t.forward(30)t.left(90)t.forward(40)t.seth(20)t.circle(10,180)t.circle(400,2)t.seth(90)t.forward(20)t.goto(4,-100)t.end_fill()t.penup()t.goto(-4,-100)t.pendown()t.seth(270)t.color("black","black")t.begin_fill()t.forward(30)t.right(90)t.forward(40)t.seth(20)t.circle(10,-225)t.circle(400,-3)t.seth(90)t.forward(21)t.goto(-4,-100)t.end_fill()#左手t.penup()t.goto(-100,50)t.pendown()t.seth(225)t.color("black","yellow")t.begin_fill()t.forward(40)t.left(90)t.forward(35)t.seth(90)t.forward(50)t.end_fill()#右手t.penup()t.goto(100,50)t.pendown()t.seth(315)t.color("black","yellow")t.begin_fill()t.forward(40)t.right(90)t.forward(36)t.seth(90)t.forward(50)t.end_fill()#t.penup()t.goto(0,-100)t.pendown()t.forward(30)#t.penup()t.goto(0,-20)t.pendown()t.color("yellow")t.begin_fill()t.seth(45)t.forward(20)t.circle(10,180)t.right(90)t.circle(10,180)t.forward(20)t.end_fill()#t.penup()t.color("black")t.goto(-100,-20)t.pendown()t.circle(30,90)t.penup()t.goto(100,-20)t.pendown()t.circle(30,-90)#头顶t.penup()t.goto(2,300)t.pendown()t.begin_fill()t.seth(135)t.circle(100,40)t.end_fill()t.penup()t.goto(2,300)t.pendown()t.begin_fill()t.seth(45)t.circle(100,40)t.end_fill()turtle.done()

10.猫

from turtle import*def curvemove():    for i in range(200):        right(1)        forward(0.1)def heart(x,y,s):    pu()    goto(x,y)    seth(s)    pendown()    begin_fill()    left(140)    forward(11.1)    curvemove()    left(120)    curvemove()    forward(11.1)    end_fill()#初始化setup(600,600)pu()goto(60,100)pensize(4)pendown()#画左半边的头for i in range(150,212,2):    seth(i)    fd(3)seth(145)fd(50)left(125)fd(50)for i in range(240,318,2):    if i==290:        seth(190)        fd(10)        seth(10)        fd(10)    elif i==300:        seth(200)        fd(10)        seth(20)        fd(10)    seth(i)    fd(3)#画右半边的头pu()goto(60,100)pendown()seth(45)fd(50)right(125)fd(50)for i in range(-60,-138,-2):    if i==-110:        seth(-10)        fd(10)        seth(170)        fd(10)    elif i==-120:        seth(-20)        fd(10)        seth(160)        fd(10)    seth(i)    fd(3)#头部到这里就画好外观了seth(-40)fd(52)seth(-135)fd(45)pu()seth(-105)fd(5)pendown()fd(17)for i in range(130,106,-3):    seth(i)    fd(2.5)for i in range(106,30,-10):    seth(i)    fd(2)seth(38)fd(25)seth(135)fd(31)seth(169)fd(6)seth(270)fd(105)#右边的身子画好了#开始画左边的身子pu()goto(-52,-30)pendown()seth(220)fd(48)#52seth(250)fd(3)seth(270)fd(3)seth(290)fd(2)seth(-40)fd(44)seth(228)fd(20)seth(5)fd(22)#画叉腰的动作pu()goto(-52,-84)seth(133)pendown()fd(22)seth(90)fd(2)seth(60)fd(2)seth(45)fd(29)seth(0)fd(3)seth(-93)fd(102)#叉腰动作结束 接下来画嘴巴 眼睛pu()goto(-43,38)seth(0)pendown()begin_fill()circle(5)end_fill()pu()fd(108)pendown()begin_fill()circle(5)end_fill()#调色环节pu()goto(60,24)pencolor("pink")pensize(6)seth(225)pendown()fd(7)pu()goto(70,24)seth(225)pendown()fd(7)#右半边调色完毕pu()goto(-49,24)seth(225)pendown()fd(7)#画嘴巴pu()pensize(4)pencolor("black")goto(5,21)seth(-45)pendown()fd(5)goto(5,21)seth(225)fd(5)#左边的颜色pu()pencolor("pink")pensize(6)goto(-39,24)seth(225)pendown()fd(7)#给耳朵填充颜色pu()goto(-40,92)seth(80)pendown()fillcolor("pink")begin_fill()circle(14,360,3)end_fill()pu()goto(72,100)seth(-74)pendown()begin_fill()circle(14,360,3)end_fill()#酷酷的黑翅膀pu()pensize(4)color('black', 'black')begin_fill()goto(-90,-35)seth(135)pendown()fd(25)seth(225)fd(45)seth(25)fd(15)seth(-80)pensize(2)fd(15)seth(55)fd(15)seth(25)fd(10)seth(-80)fd(15)seth(75)fd(15)goto(-90,-35)end_fill()#最后一个翅膀pu()goto(125,-30)seth(45)pendown()begin_fill()fd(25)seth(-45)fd(45)seth(155)fd(15)seth(-80)fd(15)seth(120)fd(17)seth(170)fd(15)seth(-80)fd(15)seth(120)fd(17)goto(125,-30)end_fill()#画5颗心speed(10)color('red', 'pink')pensize(2)heart(0,140,0)heart(-125,0,30)heart(140,0,-30)heart(145,-85,-30)heart(-132,-85,30)exitonclick()

注：搬运的大佬的代码，膜拜，猫太可爱了~

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